García Haro defined as an act of our practical intellect. Erich Fromm said that the dynamic response of consciousness is the reaction of our entire personality to work right or wrong. Klaus Demmer said to be the free and conscious instance where one decides on an action. Aurelio Fernandez says is the most intimate of the person inspired by St. Augustine. Which can be classified as sensitive, rational and moral. The Catechism of the Catholic Church says it is a trial of the reason that the person knows the quality of an act.
The greatness of consciousness is that it allows the individual to judge practical on their actions. In this regard the Second Vatican Council says it is the most secret core, the tabernacle of man. It allows us to know divine law, it becomes the true interpreter of the law. " by the dictates of conscience that man perceives and recognizes the prescriptions of the divine law" (Catechism 1778), then consciousness is not what creates the good or evil, but merely discovers the requirements of law, " is a law that does not impose itself, but which must obey, and whose voice echoes, when necessary, in the ears of your heart" (GS 16). As roads awareness judgments, good or bad, comes to the law that clarifies or determine how good or bad and discusses the greatness of his own person, placing man in dialogue with itself and with God's will.
Among the kinds of consciousness we discover that it is one and the same person, but is distinguished as the view or opinion, so there are different classes: the issue of trial may be antecedent or consequential damages, in accordance with the law is true or false, responsibility is right or wrong, for opinion is mandatory conciliation, permissive or prohibitory, settlement is certain, doubtful or perplexed and the usual way of judging can be scrupulous, lax, delicate, self-righteous or cauterized.
The revelation consciousness appears 30 times syneidesis in the NT, while for presentation at the AT is used word "heart", which flows as a source of sin, also handles other concepts such as "prudence," "spirit" "Wisdom" and so on. Of the 30 times the NT it is mentioned 20 Pauline letters (Romans, Corinthians, Timothy, Titus, tmbién this in Acts, Hebrews, 1 Pet.) These texts show the man's attitude to good and evil, or moral conscience . To better illuminate this point we have to Rom 2, 15 "consciousness is a reality in all men" 2 Cor 4, 2, 5, 11 "Christians should be alert to the call of his conscience, Rom 9 1 "Paul acts according to his conscience."
The Tradition or patristic writings, illuminate the concept saying it ana faculty in the very being of man, is a presence of God within the person, the judge trying relentlessly conduct of every man, is the judge and guidance which God speaks, it is the law written in nature.
As we have marked in writing so far, it seems that conscience is infallible, but not, it is also subject to error and an erroneous conscience truly impossible to make judgments about the goodness or badness of an act, the error can be beatable and unbeatable as appropriate. As freedom of conscience said that this should be respected even when in error, says about dignitatis humanae 11 " man perceives and acknowledges by his conscience to the opinions of the divine law ... can not be forced to act against their conscience or not they hold as to prevent this. " Since conscience must be respected in all their relationships with God, the person has the right to religious freedom. The doubtful conscience is not known rule, it hesitates about the legality of carrying out or omit an action, can be positive (with reasons to doubt) or negative (without serious reasons), if positive doubt is not lawful act, is due out first of the doubt (cf. Rom 14, 23). The perplexed conscience to two provisions, create sin duty whatever you choose, a dubious objective obligation not entail any obligation subjective. The scrupulous conscience believes that there is sin at all even when there is none.
The task of forming consciousness is the most urgent pastoral ministry, this in order to make objective of continuing conversion to the truth and good (VS 64). The 1784 Catechism says that the child must open them the knowledge and practice of internal law. At this point St. Alphonsus Liguori brings you first have to be priests, by which the conscience must be formed. This through the sacrament of penance , Which is the second plank of salvation after the shipwreck (baptism is the first), this sacrament paves the way for each individual, even when weighed down with great faults. Conscience must be the truth that leads to the individual to the good, the salvation that is called.
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